Paths to Transactive E...

Local Markets and the Common Transactive Services

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The Common Transactive Services (CTS) simplify integration of a facility into the grid, managing the interactions between facilities and the larger market. CTS can work within a Facility, using the market to smooth and shape the external load curve. This potentially reduces the integration costs of bringing new equipment and technology into a facility that is participating in larger markets.
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Fractal Energy: Galvin Perfect Power Updated

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One of the most influential insights into smart energy was defined by Robert Galvin in his vision for Perfect Power. Perfect Power turned the vision for the grid upside down, with each facility and each home responsible for its own power, acting as microgrids. These building-based microgrids would interact with their nearby peers, to gain resilience in operation and quality of supply across a neighborhood. Groups of neighborhoods would then interact at a larger scale. The Galvin Project promulgated the vision of Perfect Power, reliable, efficient, without single points of failure—and eventually the best way to incorporate distributed energy resources (DER) into the power supply.

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Independence of Services provided by Transactive Energy Nodes

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Grid operators cannot know the purpose of each system attached to the grid. On a college campus, very similar sets of components: fans, ducts, temperature sensors, could provide environmental conditioning for a classroom whose windows can be opened, for office space, or for document archive which requires constant temperature and humidity. The most important attribute of animal quarters might be constant high-volume ventilation, while for a biohazard lab it might be maintaining a negative air pressure in the room. Humidity and temperature changes might make a basketball court slippery, and environmental management is focused on making sure that the All-American is not injured before the NCAA tournament. Direct control for demand response requires that all parties know these issues and agree on their import. A central operator cannot know this.
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